Hi Donald. Oracle does not use or have most of those. It does have commit to end a transaction. A new transaction is started for you when you login. Another is started for you after you commit or rollback the current one. Oracle will automatically commit - twice if all goes well - whenever you do some DDL such as create table, drop index etc. This causes your existing transaction to be committed and a new one started. Never mix DDL and DML. Oracle also let's you write PL/SQL code that starts an autonomous transaction which can be committed or rolled back without affecting your current transaction. There is error handling in SQL and PL/SQL. HTH. Cheers, Norm [ TeamT ]
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